The structure of DNA was explained by a model created by Watson and Crick.The DNA helix has two strands .Each strand is formed by numerous nucleotides.A nucleotide is formed by a nitrogenous base ( Adenine,Thymine,Guanine or Cytosine) with a 5 carbon sugar and a phosphate.Many nucleotides form a string or strand called a polynucleotide which is known as gene.The various features or characters of an organism and its internal chemistry are decided only by these genes.
It has been possible to identify and isolate a gene and to transfer a gene from one organism to another to create new combination.The technology is called recombinant DNA Technology.Depending upon what use we make of this technology the various branches of this new science are called biotechnology ,genetic engineering etc.
In breeding programmes in crops and other animals alteration of nucleotides by several parasexual or conjugational methods have been used.Now a large number of mutagenic substances are available to change or alter the genes.These alterations may prove beneficial neutral or even harmful.In recent years somatic hybridisation an protoplast fusions have become tools in breeding progmmes.Some of these experiments lead to transgenic organisms which bestow beneficial effects especially to humanity.
By modified procedures to use this DNA recombinant technology it is possible to prevent and cure genetic disorders of human beings.These diseases were once considered incurable.Many diseases can be prevented if several immunological or immunogenic polypeptides and proteins can be biologically synthesised in micro-organisms by using DNA recombinant technology.
Genetic disorders like Haemophilia ,phenylketonuria etc can be cured if gene therapy is started early.
It has been possible to identify and isolate a gene and to transfer a gene from one organism to another to create new combination.The technology is called recombinant DNA Technology.Depending upon what use we make of this technology the various branches of this new science are called biotechnology ,genetic engineering etc.
In breeding programmes in crops and other animals alteration of nucleotides by several parasexual or conjugational methods have been used.Now a large number of mutagenic substances are available to change or alter the genes.These alterations may prove beneficial neutral or even harmful.In recent years somatic hybridisation an protoplast fusions have become tools in breeding progmmes.Some of these experiments lead to transgenic organisms which bestow beneficial effects especially to humanity.
By modified procedures to use this DNA recombinant technology it is possible to prevent and cure genetic disorders of human beings.These diseases were once considered incurable.Many diseases can be prevented if several immunological or immunogenic polypeptides and proteins can be biologically synthesised in micro-organisms by using DNA recombinant technology.
Genetic disorders like Haemophilia ,phenylketonuria etc can be cured if gene therapy is started early.
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